نشریه اقتصاد و برنامه ریزی شهری
سال یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1399)

Tourism is one of the most important economic pillars in many cities, which plays a major role in creating sustainable incomes, employment, protection of infrastructure and increasing the quality of urban public services. Therefore, it causes the mobilization of the urban economy and its correct movement in the direction of sustainable development. Research Method The article is a type of case study that is categorized as applied research based on the purpose. Applied research actually seeks to apply research results based on specific objectives. At the same time, this article, based on the type, is among the case studies that have examined the issue at the level of Tehran Municipality. Tehran city management with proper planning and discovering hidden opportunities in the tourism sector can increase its sustainable revenues and provide new sources of revenue for the municipality of Tehran. In a final conclusion, it can be said that tourism revenues are among the stable revenues for the following reasons. Revenues from tourism lead to an increase in tax revenues. On the other hand, the second source of sustainable income of Tehran Municipality is the income from receiving the price of services provided (transportation services, parking fee, entrance to entertainment centers, etc.). It is obvious that with the increase in the number of tourists, in addition to the citizens of Tehran, the cost of using these services will increase many times over.

In recent years, in developing countries, adopting policies to protect orchards and protect the environment is considered a priority for urban managers. The rapid growth of urbanization and the consequent increase in environmental problems have further highlighted the importance of concepts such as quality of life. Meanwhile, urban green spaces, especially gardens, have features that make them suitable for improving the quality of human life. For this purpose and in order to protect the orchards of Tehran, according to the notification of the Islamic Council of Tehran No. 7165/2309/160 dated 04/03/2017 regarding the "Organization, protection and protection of gardens and lands of the city of Tehran" in the form of rules A proposed bill entitled "Revision and Revision of the Guidelines of Article 14 of the Urban Land Law" has been proposed to the Supreme Council of Urban Planning and Architecture for approval. Based on this, the present study, using the PESTEL method, first evaluates the macro environment of the applications and then uses the cost-benefit analysis method to examine the financial justification of the authorized users to be established in the orchards of Tehran and compare them with the construction plan. The result shows that the selected businesses based on the macro-business environment include the Garden Restaurant, the Retirement Home, the Cultural and Exhibition Complex, and the Sports and Health Center. According to the results, although the construction of the Building has a good financial justification, but the plan of the Retirement Home, Garden Restaurant and Sports and Health Center and Cultural and Exhibition Complex are in a beneficial situation with some motivations.

Increasing consumption of fossil fuels due to increasing population and consequent air pollution has drawn attention toward clean renewable energy alternatives. Among renewables, solar energy is potentially considered as the main clean energy source for buildings. In Iran climate with abundant available solar energy throughout the year, harnessing this source could potentially reduce significant levels of fossil fuels and their resultant air pollution in advance. The electricity cost could also be lowered in this approach. In this paper, technical, economical, and environmental aspects of installing photovoltaic system in Tehran municipality innovation centre and technology park are investigated. The modelling is conducted via PVsyst software. A 10 kW photovoltaic system is acquired to have the most efficient capacity regarding the available space and economic viability. The acquired performance ratio and annual electricity generation of the proposed system are 0.861 and 19.3 MWh, respectively. By installing this system, an annual value of 14.8 Ton of CO2 is prevented from emission. Finally, the economic analysis showed that by assuming guaranteed electricity selling price of 1040 Toman/kWh as well as income tax of 30%, the power plant returns its capital investment in 4 operational years.

The action taken by the municipality to boost housing construction can be justified in practice both to offset the economic effects of the recession and to help the professional construction community, as well as to provide affordable housing for certain groups. Although creating economic and administrative incentives can help and minimize the need for municipal intervention, some support mechanisms are able to stimulate and boost the housing market. In this article, which is based on a report prepared for the Deputy Minister of Architecture and Urban Planning, twelve solutions are presented, and the second solution, which is the proposal to set up a builders' club, is explained in detail, and finally, the implementation process is introduced. Turns. Inflation rate, rising housing prices, the prevalence of low-quality housing, the length of the administrative process of the licensing process, and the need to pay attention to certain groups, have been influential in compiling this article. And professional builders, improvements to the quality of construction, and efforts to establish legal mechanisms between the municipality, builders and urban people (the relationship between supply and demand and the law) are presented.

This research evaluates the economic, social, and environmental potential of the twin lake (black cow) in the development of ecotourism in the city Abdanan. In this regard, using the swot technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Twin Lake, a survey method has been used to complete the questionnaire and interview. The statistical population of this study is the experts of the field of tourism and tourists in this region. The results showed that according to the experts' opinion, the total score was 4.40 for strengths and weaknesses and 4.45 for threats and opportunities. Also, according to the tourists' opinion, the total points awarded for the strengths and weaknesses of 4.29 and for the opportunities and threats are 4.59. Therefore, the twin lake is generally strong in terms of internal factors and, according to the results of environmental opportunities, overcome the threats. Therefore, aggressive strategy (SO) is suitable for contributing to the development of ecotourism of the lake. In other words, the use of environmental opportunities should be done using the lake's strengths. In this questionnaire, barriers to the development of ecotourism have been prioritized. For both groups, four options are not suitable for the transportation network. The lack of adequate health facilities and recreation facilities near the lake, lack of coordination of tourism organizations and the lack of proper infrastructure and welfare facilities have the most negative effects on ecotourism development.

The main cost of air pollution is its negative effects on human health, especially mortality. In this paper, using the latest PM2.5 exposure functions and the attributed mortality, as well as collecting all the required data (spatial and temporal population distribution and pollution concentration distribution), the cost of air pollution in Tehran have been estimated. There are several approaches to calculating the costs of air pollution as well as valuing the deaths associated with air pollution, In this study, which is a continuation of previous studies of the authors to determine the concentrations and number of deaths attributed to air pollution in Tehran, describing three different methods of Value of a Statistical Life (VSL), Value of a Life Year (VOLY) and Islamic Diya, The health damages caused by air pollution in Tehran on citizens have been estimated for 1396 and 1397. Based on the scenario of decreasing the annual average of PM2.5 and reaching the minimum concentration of 2.4 µg/m3, 7377 (95% CI: 6126-8581) premature deaths in adults in 1396 can be attributed to PM2.5 air pollution in Tehran. This estimate for 1397 is equal to 6418 (95% CI: 5918-6753). Using the VSL approach, it is estimated that the levels of PM2.5 pollution in Tehran in 1396 and 1397, caused damages of 3.1 and 2.7 billion dollars per year, respectively. This estimate was calculated based on the VOLY method equal to 0.736 and 0.644 billion dollars and based on the Islamic Diya method at 0.609 and 0.504 billion dollars, respectively.